Blood will be taken, centrifuged for 10-15 minutes and a small fraction of it (the platelet and growth factor rich phase, 5-10x as much as in whole blood) will be injected into a joint or around a tendon for longer lasting pain relief in acute and chronic pain conditions (e.g. damaged cartilage in the knee or inflammation of tendons, such as tennis elbow). The treatment may be repeated every few weeks for up to 3-6 times.

Insertion of one or two electrodes into the epidural space for the treatment of certain chronic pain conditions (refractory back pain after back surgery, neuropathic pain, complex regional pain syndrome, refractory cardiac angina, amputation pain). The electrode delivers a small electrical field to a certain area of your spinal cord to modify and mask pain messages to the brain. a cable connects the electrode to a generator with a battery which is implanted under the skin. Spinal cord stimulators can be placed in the epidural space of the lower back, chest and neck. It can be performed in just one procedure or with a trial in two procedures 1 to 2 weeks apart.

Injection of local anaesthetic and steroid into or around the facet joints on the right and/or left side of the spine in an area between the neck and the lower back for non-specific thoracic spine pain.

Injection of local anaesthetic and steroid next to the facet joints on the right and/or left side of the spine between the neck and the lower back for thoracic spine pain. This injection numbs the nerves that supply the facet joints.