Urology
Multiple samples are taken from the prostate through the peritoneum under anaesthesia. These samples are then analysed in a lab for suspected cancer or to rule out cancer.
Insertion of a permanent catheter into the full bladder through the abdominal wall above the symphysis (in long-term urinary retention, e.g. atonic bladder in neurological conditions)
Surgical laying open and examination of a testicle with a possible torsion.
Resection of a bladder tumour through the urethra for diagnosis and treatment
Insertion of a stent into the ureter with a camera through the urethra and bladder if the drainage of urine from one or two kidney is blocked
Investigation with a camera through the urethra and bladder for obstruction (e.g. stone removal) +/- stent insertion
Dilatation or surgical incision of the urethra to relief a stricture (due to a narrow or tight water pipe)
Varicose veins in the scrotum are tied off (with key hole surgery)