The operation releases compression and pressure from a disc or ligament or bony structure compressing a nerve or the spinal cord. It can involve a laminectomy, discectomy and/or spinal fusion. Lumbar decompression is often used to treat : 1. Spinal stenosis -narrowing of a section of the spinal column due to degenerative disc bulge combined with overgrowth of bone such as facet joints or as a results of thickening of the ligamentum flavum, and leads to a compression of the dural sac and spinal nerves. 2. Slipped disc with persistent sciatica symptoms - where a damaged spinal disc presses down on an underlying nerve . 3. Spinal injury - such as a fracture or swelling of the tissue 4. Metastatic spinal cord compression - where cancer spreads into the spine and presses on the spinal cord or nerves.

Injection of local anaesthetic and steroid into the epidural space in the lower back. It can be used for discogenic low back and leg pain (e.g. sciatica pain, neuropathic pain), spinal stenosis

Injection of local anaesthetic and steroid into or around the facet joints on the right and/or left side of the spine at the lower back for non-specific low back pain. Pain can also be referred into the buttocks, hips, groin and the back of the legs down to the knee.

Injection of local anaesthetic and steroid next to the facet joints on the right and/or left side of the spine at the lower back for non-specific low back pain. This injection numbs ther nerve that supplies the facet joints. Pain can also be referred into the buttocks, hips, groin and the back of the legs down to the knee.

Surgical removal of lymph nodes or a bigger sample of lymphatic tissue to be examined under the microscope for the presence of an infection or cancer cells. This can also be carried out minimally invasive with a needle and under local anaesthetic to take a smaller sample.